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04/23/26

Trust, scrutiny, or collaboration? A performance-based framework for human–AI interaction in medicine.

Zwaan, Laura; Rodman, Adam; Shimizu, Taro. NEJM AI

Collection Topics
AI and Diagnosis Cognition and Decision Making
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Summary

As AI integrates into clinical decisions, diagnostic errors may stem less from “automation bias” than from flawed information shaping reasoning. This commentary proposes a dynamic framework based on relative accuracy and complementary strengths, outlining four interaction zones—human-dominant, AI-dominant, hybrid review, and disagreement resolution—each demanding distinct workflows and continuous trust calibration.
Read the paper
Zwaan L, Rodman A, Shimizu T. Trust, scrutiny, or collaboration? A performance-based framework for human–AI interaction in medicine. NEJM AI. 2026;3(5).