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02/01/26

Diagnostic uncertainty in physicians' reasoning: a structured approach using BANI and GRACE2.

Shimizu, Taro. Diagnosis (Berl).

Collection Topics
Cognition and Decision Making
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Summary

Diagnostic uncertainty remains a major challenge for individual physicians. This commentary discusses physician diagnostic doubt, explores contributing factors through case examples, and presents a six-part behavioral framework that promotes cognitive flexibility, adaptive reasoning, and empathic communication to improve diagnostic decision-making and safety.

Read the paper
Shimizu T. Diagnostic uncertainty in physicians' reasoning: a structured approach using BANI and GRACE2. Diagnosis (Berl). 2026;13(1):20-27.